HAZMAT Technician Practice Exam

What distinguishes saturated hydrocarbons from other types?

1. They contain multiple bonds between carbon atoms

2. They are less reactive than unsaturated hydrocarbons

3. They have only single bonds

4. They are primarily found in liquids

The correct answer is: They have only single bonds

Saturated hydrocarbons are characterized by having only single bonds between carbon atoms. This structural feature ensures that each carbon atom is bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible, hence the term "saturated." This means that their molecular structure is fully "saturated" with hydrogen, which contributes to their stability and lower reactivity compared to hydrocarbons that contain double or triple bonds, known as unsaturated hydrocarbons. This consideration is essential in understanding the chemical properties of these compounds; saturated hydrocarbons primarily undergo reactions associated with breaking bonds or combustion rather than addition reactions typical of unsaturated hydrocarbons. The presence of only single bonds limits the variability in their bonding and reactivity compared to other types of hydrocarbons that may have multiple bonds. While it's true that saturated hydrocarbons are generally less reactive, this characteristic is a consequence of their single-bond structure rather than a defining feature. Additionally, while some saturated hydrocarbons can be found in liquid form, this is not a universal trait, as they can also exist in gaseous or solid states depending on their molecular size and conditions. Hence, having only single bonds is the most distinguishing feature that sets saturated hydrocarbons apart from other hydrocarbon types.